IMPORT EXPORT DEVELOPMENT IN
INDONESIA
At first the trade relationship is limited to one particular region of the
country , but with the development of the trade flows of trade relations is not
solely between entrepreneurs in the region of the country , but also with
traders from other countries , including Indonesia . Even
trade relations are increasingly diverse , including the method of payment . Import-export
activities based on a condition that no country is truly independent of each
other because of mutual need and complement each other . Each
state has different characteristics , both natural resources , climate ,
geography , demographics , economic structure and social structure . These
differences lead to differences in the commodities produced , the composition
of the necessary costs , the quality and quantity of products . directly
or indirectly require implementation and exchange of goods or services from one
country to another . Thus
among the countries of the world there exists a need for a trade relationship
needs of each country . International
trade trades better known as import export , is essentially a simple transaction
that is not more than buying and selling of goods between entrepreneurs who
reside or are domiciled in countries different . However,
the exchange of goods and services across the sea or ashore is not uncommon to
various complex issues arising between employers who have language , culture ,
customs , and way different .
Since
1987, Indonesia began to be dominated by the export of non-oil commodities
which in previous years was dominated by oil and gas exports . This
shift occurred after the government issued a series of policies and
deregulation in the export sector , thus enabling manufacturers to increase
non-oil ekspot . In
1998 , the export value has reached 83.88 % of the total value of Indonesian
exports , while in 1999 the role of the non-oil export value declined slightly
, being 79.88 % or the value of U.S. $ 38873.2 million ( down 5.13 % ) . It
is closely related to the monetary crisis that hit Indonesia since mid-1997 .
2000
there was a rapid increase in exports , both for total and non- oil and gas ,
which becomes 62124.0 million U.S. $ ( 27.66 ) for total exports and U.S. $
47757.4 million ( 22.85 % ) for non-oil . However,
this increase does not continue next year . In
2001 total exports amounted to only U.S. $ 56320.9 million (down 9.34 % ) , as
well as for non-oil exports which declined 8.53 % . In
2003 exports increased to U.S. $ 61,058.2 million , an increase of 6.82 %
compared with exports in 2002 amounted to 57158.8 million U.S. $ . The
same thing occurs in non-oil exports , which rose 5.24 % to 47406.8 million
U.S. $ . Re-
exports in 2004 increased to U.S. $ 71584.6 million (up 17.24 % ) as well as
non-oil exports rose 18.0 % to U.S. $ 55939.3 million . In
2006 the value of exports exceeded 100 million U.S. $ to U.S. $ 100,798.6
million , up 17.67 % , as well as non-oil exports are up 19.81 % over 2005 to
79589.1 million U.S. $ .
Over the past five years , the value of Indonesia's imports showed a trend
to increase by an average of 45826.1 million U.S. $ per year . In
2006 , total imports amounted to 61065.5 million , an increase of U.S. $ 3364.6
million U.S. $ ( 5.83% ) compared to 2005 . Increase was due to increased oil
imports amounted to 1505.2 million U.S. $ ( 8 , 62
%) to 18962.9 million U.S. $ and non-oil amounted to 1859.4 million U.S. $ (
4.62 %) to U.S. $ 42102.6 million . In
the same period , the largest increase in imports of 54.15 % and 39.51 % of
non-oil .
Judging
from his contributions , the average role -oil imports to total imports over
the past five years reached 26.15 % and 73.85 % of non-oil per year . Compared
to previous years , the role of oil and gas imports increased from 30.26 % to
31.05 % in 2006 . While the role of non-oil imports declined from 69.74 % to
68.95 % .
Prioritization exports to Indonesia has been promoted since 1983 . Since
then , exports of concern in promoting economic growth in line with the change
- industrialization strategy of import substitution industry emphasis on export
promotion industry . Domestic
consumers to buy imported goods or foreign consumers to buy domestic goods ,
into something that is very prevalent . Competition is keen
among various products . In
addition to price , quality or quality of the goods be the determining factor
of competitiveness of a product .
Cumulatively
, the value of Indonesia's exports from January to October 2008 reached U.S. $
118.43 million , an increase of 26.92 % compared to the same period in 2007 ,
while non-oil exports reached U.S. $ 92.26 million , an increase of 21.63 % . Meanwhile,
according to the sector , the export of agricultural, industrial , and other
mining products increased during the period , respectively 34.65 % , 21.04 % ,
and 21.57 % over the same period the previous year .
Meanwhile
during this same period , exports of 10 categories of goods contributed 58.8 %
of total non-oil exports . The
tenth group is , animal fats and vegetable oils , mineral fuels , machinery or
electrical equipment , rubber and rubber products , machinery or mechanical
appliances . Then
there are ores , slag and ash metal , paper or cardboard , not knitted apparel
, wood and articles of wood , and tin .
During the period January to October 2008, exports of 10 classes of goods
accounted for 58.80 % of total non-oil exports . In
terms of growth , exports of 10 categories of goods has increased 27.71 % over
the same period in 2007 . Meanwhile , the role of non-oil exports outside the 10
classes of goods in January-October 2008 amounted to 41.20 % .
Japan was still the largest export destination for U.S. $
11.80 million ( 12.80 % ) , followed by the United States with a value of U.S.
$ 10.67 million ( 11.57 % ) , and Singapore with a value of U.S. $ 8.67 million
( 9.40 % ) .
The role and development of Indonesian non-oil exports by
sector for the period January to October 2008 compared to 2007 can be seen at .
Exports
of agricultural products , industrial products and other mining products and
increased respectively 34.65 % , 21.04 % , and 21.57 % .
Judging from its contribution to the overall exports from
January to October 2008, the exports of industrial products amounted to 64.13 %
, while exports of agricultural products amounted to 3.31 % , and the
contribution of the mining product exports amounted to 10.46 % , while the
contribution of oil and gas exports amounted to 22.10 % .
Despite overall improved condition of Indonesian exports
and rising , no doubt since the global financial crisis , Indonesia's exports
declining condition . Call
it while exports in September which had declined 2.15 % to U.S. $ 12.23 million
when compared to August 2008 . However , experienced a year on year increase of
28.53 % .
Circumstances in Indonesian imports is not always considered good , because
according to the group use goods , the role of imports for consumer goods and
raw materials / auxiliary during October 2008 was down from the previous month
respectively from 6.77% and 75.65 %, to 5 , 99
% and 74.89 % . While
the role of capital goods imports increased from 17.58 % to 19.12 % .
While the views of the role of the total Indonesian
non-oil imports during January-October 2008, per aircraft engine mechanic give
the biggest role that is 17.99 % , followed by electrical machinery and
equipment 15.15 % , iron and steel amounted to 8.80 % , vehicle and
its share of 5.98 % , organic chemicals 5.54 % , plastics and plastic goods by
4.16 % , and of iron and steel by 3.27 % .
In addition , the following three classes of goods
imported to the role under three fertilizer amounted % ie 2.43% , cereals by
2.39% , and 1.98% cotton . The
role of imports of ten principal classes of goods reached 67.70 % of the total
non-oil imports and 50.76 % of total imports .
Recent data show that during October 2008 the value of
non -oil imports Bonded ( KB / duty-free area ) amounted to 1.78 million U.S. $
. This
figure is a deficit of U.S. $ 9.3 million or 0.52 % compared to September 2008
.
Meanwhile
, the total value of Indonesian non-oil imports during the period amounted to
64.62 million U.S. $ , or 76.85 % are from 12 major countries , namely China
amounted to 12.86 million U.S. $ , or 15.30 % , followed by Japan at 12 , 13 million U.S. $ ( 14.43 % ) . Next
contribute 11.29 % Singapore , United States ( 7.93% ) , Thailand ( 6.51 % ) ,
South Korea ( 4.97 % ) , Malaysia ( 4.05% ) , Australia ( 4.03 % ) , Germany
( 3.19% ) , Taiwan ( 2.83% ) , France ( 1.22 % ) and the UK ( 1.10 % ) . Meanwhile,
Indonesia's imports from ASEAN reached 23.22 % and 10.37 % of the European
Union .
SOURCE
http://adie-wongindonesia.blogspot.com/2010/03/makalah-ekspor-impor-indonesia.html
